| 54th United States Congress | |||
United States Capitol (1906) |
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| Duration: March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897 | |||
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| Senate President: | Adlai E. Stevenson | ||
| Senate Pres. pro tem: | William P. Frye | ||
| House Speaker: | Thomas B. Reed | ||
| Members: | 90 Senators 357 Representatives 4 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Republican | ||
| House Majority: | Republican | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| 1st: December 2, 1895 – June 11, 1896 2nd: December 7, 1896 – March 3, 1897 |
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The Fifty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1895 to March 3, 1897, during the last two years of Grover Cleveland's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. The House had a Republican majority, and the Republicans were the largest party in the Senate.
This count identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Populist (P) |
Republican (R) |
Silver (S) |
Other (O) |
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| End of the previous congress | 43 | 3 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 88 | 0 |
| Begin | 39 | 4 | 42 | 2 | 0 | 87 | 1 |
| End | 40 | 44 | 90 | 0 | |||
| Final voting share | 44.4% | 4.4% | 48.9% | 2.2% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 33 | 5 | 43 | 2 | (Silver Republican) 5 |
88 | 2 |
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Populist (P) |
Republican (R) |
Silver (S) |
Other (O) |
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| End of the previous congress | 217 | 11 | 123 | 1 | 2 | 354 | 2 |
| Begin | 104 | 9 | 230 | 1 | 0 | 344 | 4 |
| End | 94 | 11 | 242 | 348 | 1 | ||
| Final voting share | 27.0% | 3.2% | 69.5% | 0.3% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 124 | 22 | 206 | 1 | (Silver Republican & Independent) 4 |
357 | 0 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1898; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1900; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1896.
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Two seats were added when Utah was admitted and one seat was filled late.
| State | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of successor's taking office |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utah (Class 1) |
New seat | State was admitted to the Union | Frank J. Cannon (R) | January 22, 1896 |
| Utah (Class 3) |
New seat | State was admitted to the Union | Arthur Brown (R) | January 22, 1896 |
| Delaware (Class 2) |
Vacant | The seat was vacant because the legislature failed to elect a Senator. A successor was eventually elected | Richard R. Kenney (D) |
January 19, 1897 |
There were 4 deaths, 2 resignations, 13 election challenges, 1 new seat, and 4 seats vacant from the previous Congress. Democrats had a 10-seat net loss; Republicans had a 12-seat net gain; and Populists had a 2-seat net gain.
| District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of successor's taking office |
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| New York 10th | Vacant | Andrew J. Campbell (R) was elected, but died before this Congress | Amos J. Cummings (D) | November 5, 1895 |
| Pennsylvania 15th | Vacant | Myron Benjamin Wright (R) was re-elected, but died before this Congress | James H. Codding (R) | November 5, 1895 |
| Illinois 10th | Vacant | Philip S. Post (R) was re-elected, but died before this Congress | George W. Prince (R) | December 2, 1895 |
| Michigan 3rd | Vacant | Julius C. Burrows (R) was re-elected, but resigned in the previous Congress to serve in the Senate | Alfred Milnes (R) | December 2, 1895 |
| Utah At-large | New seat | State was admitted to the Union | Clarence E. Allen (R) | January 4, 1896 |
| Georgia 10th | James C. C. Black (D) | Resigned March 4, 1895, and was later elected to fill his own vacancy | James C. C. Black (D) | October 2, 1895 |
| Massachusetts 6th | William Cogswell (R) | Died May 22, 1895 | William H. Moody (R) | November 5, 1895 |
| Illinois 18th | Frederick Remann (R) | Died July 14, 1895 | William F. L. Hadley (R) | December 2, 1895 |
| Illinois 3rd | Lawrence E. McGann (D) | Election was successfully challenged on December 27, 1895 | Hugh R. Belknap (R) | December 27, 1895 |
| Utah Territory AL | Frank J. Cannon (R) | Resigned January 4, 1896 | Statehood achieved | |
| Texas 11th | William H. Crain (D) | Died February 10, 1896 | Rudolph Kleberg (D) | April 7, 1896 |
| Missouri 5th | John C. Tarsney (D) | Election was successfully challenged on February 27, 1896 | Robert T. Van Horn (R) | February 27, 1896 |
| Alabama 4th | Gaston A. Robbins (D) | Election was successfully challenged on March 13, 1896 | William F. Aldrich (R) | March 13, 1896 |
| Virginia 4th | William R. McKenney (D) | Election was successfully challenged on May 2, 1896 | Robert T. Thorp (R) | May 2, 1896 |
| Louisiana 5th | Charles J. Boatner (D) | Election was challenged and declared vacant March 20, 1896. He was subsequently elected | Charles J. Boatner (D) | June 10, 1896 |
| Alabama 5th | James E. Cobb (D) | Election was successfully challenged on April 21, 1896 | Albert T. Goodwyn (P) | April 22, 1896 |
| South Carolina 7th | J. William Stokes (D) | Seat declared vacant June 1, 1896, but he won re-election | J. William Stokes (D) | November 3, 1896 |
| New York 8th | James J. Walsh (D) | Election was successfully challenged on June 2, 1896 | John M. Mitchell (R) | June 2, 1896 |
| South Carolina 1st | William Elliott (D) | Election was successfully challenged on June 4, 1896 | George W. Murray (R) | June 4, 1896 |
| Illinois 16th | Finis E. Downing (D) | Election was successfully challenged on June 5, 1896 | John I. Rinaker (R) | June 5, 1896 |
| North Carolina 6th | James A. Lockhart (D) | Election was successfully challenged on June 5, 1896 | Charles H. Martin (P) | June 5, 1896 |
| Alabama 9th | Oscar W. Underwood (D) | Election was successfully challenged on June 9, 1896 | Truman H. Aldrich (R) | June 9, 1896 |
| Georgia 3rd | Charles F. Crisp (D) | Died October 23, 1896 | Charles R. Crisp (D) | December 19, 1896 |
| New York 19th | Frank S. Black (R) | Resigned January 7, 1897 | Vacant until next Congress | |
| Kentucky 10th | Joseph M. Kendall (D) | Election was successfully challenged on February 18, 1897 | Nathan T. Hopkins (R) | February 18, 1897 |
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